When may the IRB use an expedited review for a new study?

The correct answer indicates that the IRB (Institutional Review Board) may use an expedited review when a new study involves no more than minimal risk and fits specific categories outlined in federal regulations. Expedited review is a streamlined approach intended for research that does not pose significant risks to participants, allowing for a quicker review process.

Studies classified under this expedited review process must fit into pre-defined categories that include certain types of minimal risk research, such as some types of data collection or studies involving public benefit or service program evaluations. This is significant in ensuring that studies meet ethical guidelines while still allowing for efficient progress in research that minimally impacts participants' well-being.

In contrast, options highlighting greater risk factors, such as involving vulnerable populations or exceeding minimal risk thresholds, would not qualify for expedited review due to the heightened concern for participant safety and ethical considerations. Similarly, funding sources — whether from federal agencies or other entities — do not inherently determine the eligibility for expedited review; the risk level and study classification are pivotal factors.