What should researchers avoid when obtaining informed consent?

Including exculpatory language in consent forms is critical to avoid because such language is designed to absolve researchers from liability or responsibility for any harm that may occur, which can undermine the integrity of the consent process. Informed consent requires that participants fully understand the risks and benefits of their involvement in the study, and exculpatory language can mislead participants or pressure them into consenting without fully grasping the potential consequences. Ethical guidelines stress that consent should be clear, honest, and not include statements that diminish participants' rights or willingness to participate.

Providing detailed explanations of the study, offering follow-up information after the study, and ensuring participants feel comfortable asking questions are all practices that enhance the informed consent process. They contribute to transparency and trust, which are essential for ethical research, especially with vulnerable populations like prisoners.