What must researchers do if they plan to use identifiable information in their studies?

When researchers plan to use identifiable information in their studies, it is essential for them to inform participants about potential risks, which includes the possibility of breaches of confidentiality. This transparency is a fundamental aspect of the ethical principles governing research, particularly regarding respect for persons and the need to provide adequate information to allow individuals to make informed decisions about their participation.

Informing participants of potential risks does several things: it helps ensure that they are fully aware of how their data will be used, who will have access to it, and what could happen should confidentiality be compromised. This aligns with ethical research practices that prioritize the participants' autonomy and safeguard their rights.

Other options do not align with the specific requirements for using identifiable information. For instance, obtaining parental consent regardless of participant age may not be universally applicable, as laws and regulations vary based on the age of consent. Collecting only anonymous data contradicts the question's premise about using identifiable information, and always anonymizing data regardless of consent overlooks the possibility of ethical and legal frameworks that allow for identifiable data if participants are informed and consent is obtained.