Risk of harm in social and behavioral sciences generally falls into three categories, which are:

The correct response addresses significant ethical considerations in research that involve human subjects, particularly in social and behavioral sciences. The identified categories—Invasion of privacy, breach of confidentiality, and study procedures—reflect the fundamental aspects of minimizing risk in research involving people.

Invasion of privacy pertains to the researcher's obligation to avoid intruding into the personal lives of participants without their consent. Breach of confidentiality involves safeguarding the personal information shared by participants so that it is not disclosed inappropriately, thereby protecting their identity and associated risks. Study procedures encompass the methods and actions used in conducting the research, which must be designed to prevent harm and ensure the well-being of participants.

These categories collectively underscore the importance of ethical standards in research design, conduct, and oversight, thus ensuring that participants are treated with respect and dignity while minimizing potential harms that could arise from their involvement in research activities.